Trending searches: will god of chaos asteroid hit earth
Hello friends! 13th April, 2029. A huge asteroid Apophis,
more than 1000 feet in diameter, will pass by the Earth
at a close prproximity. If it hits the earth, it will bring about
such a devastation which has never been
seen before in human history. Compared to the bomb
dropped on Hiroshima this will release 1
million times more energy. There will be tsunami
waves of hundreds of metres. And entire cities
will be wiped out. But not only that, on 12th July, 2038, another asteroid can
collide with the earth. And look at this post. There is a 72%
chance of this collision. NASA has already issued an alert and has started its
planetary defence exercises. And look at this post, it's only a few weeks old. After NASA Chief, ISRO's Chief has
now issued a warning that we can all go extinct. Oh, my God! An earth-destroying asteroid
is speeding towards us. ISRO Chief says that migrating to Mars is an option and all global space
agencies are working on it. How much truth is
there in such news? Which asteroids pose
the most danger for Earth? And what is NASA's plan? Let's understand all these
things in depth in this video. Asteroids are also
called Planetoids. Because they are
like small planets. They are basically some
huge pieces of rocks that are orbiting in space. Their diametre can be
as small as 10-20 metres or as big as 100-200 kilometres. The smallest existing
asteroid we've discovered is only 2 metres wide and the biggest is called Ceres with a diameter
of 940 kilometres. Most of the asteroids
in our solar system are found in the Asteroid
Belt between Mars and Jupiter. It houses millions of asteroids. The drawing of this
asteroid belt in our textbooks looks like this. This might seem like these asteroids are
so close to each other, but in reality, the average
distance between any two asteroids is more than 1
million kilometer. But sometimes these asteroids
move away from this belt and get quite
close to the earth. In such cases, these are
known as Near Earth Objects. In short, they are called NEOs. NEOs are not just asteroids, they can be Comets, Meteors, Meteorites, and Meteoroids. You may ask what is the
difference between them? Basically, all of them
are just pieces of rocks moving through space. But the way we define them, is different for each. Like asteroids are made
of rocks and metals. Comets are made of
ice, rocks, and dust. They are known as
Dirty Snowballs too. Asteroids are found between
Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt. Comets are found
in the Kuiper belt. This belt lies before Neptune, quite far from our Sun. When comets move in space, they seem to have a tail which asteroids don't. Typically, comets
can be large too, with a diametre of 1-10 km. And whenever a
comet passes by earth, it can be easily seen
with the naked eye. But to see asteroids, telescopes are
needed in most cases. In terms of danger posed to us, a comet is far more
dangerous than an asteroid. Because first, a comet travels
at twice the speed of an asteroid. And second, the
warning time is shorter. A comet may suddenly appear
and collide with the Earth, and unfortunately, we won't
find out about it for a long time. This was shown in
the film, Don't Look Up. In this film, we see how there was a 6-month warning time of a comet colliding
with the Earth. And how the government
and space agencies react to it. A Meteoroid is a small
piece of an asteroid or comet. When a meteoroid
gets closer to the earth and enters our atmosphere, we call it a Meteor. When that happens,
it burns very quickly and we see a streak of light. It is also known
as a shooting star and some of you might
have seen it yourself. When this happens
in large numbers, it is called a Meteor Shower. And if a piece of meteor, travels through our atmosphere
and falls on the earth, it is called a Meteorite. That's the only difference. However, for us,
the important thing is are the NEOs. The asteroids and comets that pass by the earth. Those posing
considerable risk of of crashing on the earth. And bringing about
the end of our world. This is a justified concern because this happened
66 million years ago to the dinosaurs. If they can go extinct, so can we. But before measuring this danger and moving ahead, I would like to say one thing. If you get your news from such
accounts on Instagram and Facebook, it would be better to
stop following news. Because this news about
the 2038 Asteroid Strike is completely fake. If you want to follow some
pages on Instagram for news, then there are many
options like The Hindu, Indian Express, Scroll.in,
The Wire, News Laundry. Or even our mainstream
news websites, even though the standard of
Indian media isn't quite up there, but at least they won't
spread this level of lies there. Because see, Times of India has also
written an article on this. The headline states that "NASA warns that a
planet-sized asteroid has a 72% chance of
impacting the earth." This headline is wrong. It is a click-bait headline. But if you read the first line of
the article by scrolling further, they have clarified
this headline. "NASA recently conducted
a hypothetical exercise to assess the planet's preparedness
against an asteroid impact." Actually, this 72% chance is not a finding or result. This is a hypothetical
imaginary scenario which was created by NASA. They conducted an exercise, that if today we found out that an asteroid is going to
collide with earth in July 2038, what can we do? This was a mock test in which more than 100 experts took
part from different organisations. NASA, European Space
Agency, UK Space Agency, United Nations Office
of Outer Space Affairs. Everyone discussed
this hypothetical situation if an asteroid were to collide
with the earth 14 years from now, what should be the
exact steps to stop it. On 20th June, NASA
released this report in public which contain some
interesting points. We will talk about
them in the video later, but before that I
would like to tell you, the date of 2029, which I talked about at
the beginning of the video, that date is not hypothetical. Apophis asteroid with a
diametre of more than 1,000 feet does really exist. And on 13th April
2029, this asteroid will pass by very
close to the earth. Only 30,000 km away. Many geostationary satellites are farther away than this. NASA had released a video showing the exact path of this Apophis asteroid. 5 years later, the day this
asteroid will pass by the earth you won't need a
telescope to see it. You will be able to see
it with your eyes at night. So the question is, what are the chances of this
asteroid actually colliding with earth? The answer is Zero Percent. This asteroid was
discovered in 2004. After which, there was quite
an uproar all over the world. Because according to
the initial observations, they claimed that there
was a 2.7% chance of this asteroid colliding
with the earth in 2029. Even though this 2.7%
chance wasn't very significant. It basically meant that
there's a 97% chance that it won't collide. But when the consequences
can be so devastating, even a 2% chance
can be terrifying. That's why in those
years, this asteroid was called the City Killer,
the most dangerous asteroid. This was the origin
of its name Apophis. In Egyptian mythology, Apophis is a giant snake which destroys everything. It is also known as
the God of Chaos. But the good news is that after further observations of
this asteroid by the scientists, they found that in reality, it has a 0% chance of
colliding with the Earth. For a few years
scientists thought that though it won't collide in 2029, when it'd come closer
to Earth the next time, it might be dangerous. Like in 2036 or 2068. Because when it would
pass by Earth in 2029, it would pass through
a Keyhole Area. In space, those places
are said to be Keyholes that is so close to the Earth, where a passing asteroid is
affected by Earth's gravitational force. When the asteroid comes
close to Earth in 2029, it will pass through
a Keyhole region, which will change its orbit. Due to Earth's gravity, the asteroid's
orbit will change, which will increase
the risk in 2036. Scientists were afraid
of this at one time, but today, this threat
has been debunked. NASA has confidently stated that in the next 100 years, the asteroid will not
collide with the Earth. This is why, it has been removed
from the risk list of Near-Earth Objects. You might be surprised at this. To know that
there is a risk list. Of course, there is. Space agencies around the world have made a Risk List of the most dangerous
asteroids in the near future. For example, on the European
Space Agency's website, look at this Risk List. The possible collisions of
these asteroids and comets. The Impact Date and
Time are mentioned. The probability
of their collision. Look at this IP max section. This mentions the
maximum probability. And this section at the back, mentions the diameter to show how big the
asteroid or comet is. It was only because of Data Science that we can predict the paths
of the asteroids so accurately. And not only in space exploration, Data Science is used
in many fields nowadays. Automobile, Finance, Space Exploration, Media,
as well as Healthcare. This is why Data Science has now become
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for a free Live Masterclass too. It will help you judge how valuable it will be for you. Now, let's get back to our topic and take a closer look at the top
three objects in this risk list. At #1 is the 2023VD3 asteroid. The 2023 in the name tell us that this asteroid
was discovered in 2023. This asteroid is
quite small in size. It is only 11 to 24 metres wide. It might collide with earth
on 8th November 2034. And the probability
of collision is 1 in 387. That is, in percentage, it has a 0.25%
chance of colliding. This is a substantial
chance actually. That is why it is placed
at the top of the list. But because of its smaller size, it is not very dangerous. The chances are that
even if it collides with earth, it will fall into a sea or ocean or somewhere with few people. It won't cause much damage. In 2013, there was
a similar incident when in Chelyabinsk, Russia, the Chelyabinsk meteor
blasted above the city. "It came out of nowhere a bright speck in the sky seen streaking
across the horizon. Followed by an almost
apocalyptic scene. A blinding flash of light and then, all hell broke loose." The diameter of the
meteor was about 20 metres and a powerful
shockwave was released. Some buildings were damaged, some people were injured but thankfully,
no lives were lost. "Nearly 1,500
people were injured. Most of them suffered cuts
from shattered windows." At #2 on the risk list is the 1979XB asteroid. It is quite big. Its diameter is around
400-900 metres. Potentially, it will collide with
earth on 12th December 2056 and the probability
of the collision is 1 in 4.27 million. That is 0.00002%. The chance of this
collision is almost negligible, but it is still ranked
#2 on the risk list because of its size. We cannot afford
this low chance. At #3 is asteroid 2008JL3. With an estimated
diameter of 23-50 metres. And the potential impact
date as 1st May 2027. And the probability
of impact at 1 in 6,711. That is a 0.01%
chance of collision. As you can see, these scientists
working in these space agencies are doing a great job. Because they don't want to risk
Earth's future due to these small risks. The only problem is that these are the asteroids that
we have discovered so far. They may discover more
asteroids in the future. But Comets don't have such
a proper calculated trajectory. That is, we won't get a big
warning window about comets. Tomorrow, we may
discover a new comet that may collide with the Earth and for that we will have only
6-7 years to prepare. The detection systems on Earth, work well most of the time, but sometimes they might not. I would like to tell you about 4
most popular detection projects. The first is LINEAR, Lincoln Near-Earth
Asteroid Research. It was started in 1996 by the US Air Force,
NASA, and MIT, in a joint collaboration. Two 1-metre long telescopes and a 0.5-metre
telescope is used to discover more than
10,000 objects every year. Today, out of all the asteroids
that are being discovered, 65% of them are being discovered
by this project. The second is CSS, Catalina Sky Survey. Established by the
University of Arizona in 1998, it uses two big telescopes. Its measurements
are so precise that in 2008 it found an asteroid which was only 4
metres in diameter. And it had accurately predicted the exact time and day when this asteroid
will fall on the earth and the exact location. 19 hours after its prediction this asteroid fell in the
desert of North Sudan the same place it had predicted. The third is PAN STARRS Panoramic Survey Telescope
and Rapid Response System. It is located in the middle of
the Pacific Ocean in Hawaii and it uses the world's
largest digital cameras to find asteroids. The images captured
by this largest camera are of 1.4 billion pixels. And the fourth is ATLAS Asteroid Terrestrial
Impact Last Alert System. It is also located in Hawaii. And scientists have created
it as a final warning of sorts. In case all the other systems
are unable to detect an asteroid, if an asteroid goes
undetected by mistake, then this system will give
us a last minute warning of a possible asteroid impact. Every night this system
scans the sky twice to detect any danger. So overall, Earth's
defence system is quite brilliant and strong. But sometimes there
might be some errors. Like, sometimes small meteors remain undetected
as they get closer and then collide with the earth. Like the Chelyabinsk
meteor in February 2013. This 20-metre wide meteor was not detected by
any system on time. That's why for such scenarios, a Civil Defence
Component becomes crucial. NASA has talked about this on Page 12 of their
mock test report. If a small asteroid or meteor
is about to crash somewhere International coordination
is required at the right time, as well as the activation of
the Disaster Management plans. But what will happen if a large
asteroid is about to collide? There are three
strategies to deal with it. First are the Kinetic methods, second are the Slow
Push and Pull methods and the third are
the Nuclear methods. The first of these three, the Kinetic Method
is the only one that has been successfully
tested in real life. In this, we send a spacecraft that collides with the asteroid and changes its orbit. The asteroid
moves in a new orbit. This is a simple
and effective method. Its practical experiment
was conducted two years ago in NASA's Double Asteroid
Redirection Test (DART). On 26th September, 2022, a 170-metre-wide
Dimorphous asteroid was in space, far
away from Earth and NASA launched a
spacecraft to collide with it. "NASA's first planetary
defence test to strategically crash
into an asteroid..." This asteroid didn't
pose any danger to us. It was just an
experiment to see whether doing this really changes
the orbit of the asteroid or not. You can watch the video of
this collision on the screen. After that, when NASA
looked at the result, the asteroid's orbit
had actually changed. The same experiment
is going to be conducted by China's National
Space Agency next year. In 2025, they will have their spacecraft
collide with a 30-metre-wide asteroid, and try to change its path. The second method
is Slow Push and Pull. In this, we change the
asteroid's orbit gradually. Solar energy can
be used for this. If a spacecraft is
sent near the asteroid it can concentrate the
sun's rays on the asteroid to vaporise a part
of the asteroid, this reaction will release
some amount of gas, which will cause a small
thrust on the asteroid. And gradually, the
asteroid will change its orbit. This happens
naturally on asteroids when an asteroid
passes near the sun. But if it is done by
sending spacecraft, scientists' only concerns is before the rocks on the
asteroid are vaporised, these rocks should not interfere
with the spacecraft's optical system. Thirdly, we have
the Nuclear Method. Literally, sending a spacecraft
carrying nuclear b0mbs to destroy the asteroid. It sounds very
filmy but realistically, it may hardly ever be used. There are two
reasons behind this. First, deploying a
nuclear b0mb in space can lead to many legal,
international, and geopolitical problems. And second, when an
asteroid is destroyed, its pieces will be
blown up all around and we can't control
the orbit of those pieces. A piece may even
collied with earth after the asteroid is destroyed. But this method is
still under consideration because if an asteroid
is large beyond an extent, like if the asteroid's
size is more than 10 km, the same size that caused
the extinction of dinosaurs. Then the other methods
may not work as well because of the extreme
size of the asteroid. In NASA's mock test
from a few months ago they discussed these points. "Exactly how to
deal with an asteroid which is going to collide
with the Earth after 14 years with a chance of
collision at 72%." The good news is that 81% of the participants
participating in this mock experiment believed that we are ready
to deal with such a threat. There are only a few gaps that scientists have raised regarding such scenarios. For example, one
gap mentioned was that we have tested only
one method till now, the Kinetic Method. We should test this Kinetic
Method more times in the future so that we can be sure that it will work as needed. This was the 5th meeting to
discuss a hypothetical asteroid strike. Before this, in 2013, 2014,
2016, and then in 2022, similar meetings were held. It was named Planetary Defense
Interagency Tabletop Exercise. And in John Hopkins
Applied Physics Laboratory, around 100 experts
came together. So, in conclusion, friends, there is nothing to worry about. First of all, in the
next 100 years there are no big asteroids that have even a 0.01%
chance of colliding with the Earth. Secondly, our Earth's
defence systems are becoming more
advanced with time. In the year 2028, NASA is
planning to launch a space telescope named Near Earth
Object Surveyor. It will be stationed
outside Earth, to detect such asteroids so our detection systems
will improve further. And thirdly, even if
we find an asteroid that can collide with the earth, we already have
adequate systems to stop it. So stop believing
in such fake news and if you are interested
in space-related topics, I have made many
other videos on space. There is an entire playlist, you can click here
to watch them. Like this video on Wormholes. How can interstellar time travel
be possible through wormholes? Click here to watch it. The link to Scaler's Live Masterclass is in the description below. Thank you very much!
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